Often overlooked but undeniably essential, a septic system is crucial to any property’s infrastructure. Understanding the type of septic system you have is paramount for maintaining its proper operation and ensuring its longevity. With this knowledge, you can make informed decisions regarding its care, preempt potential issues, and foster an efficient functioning system.
In this guide, we will explore the captivating world of septic systems, shedding light on the different types and their distinctive features. Whether you are a homeowner seeking insights into your current septic system or a prospective buyer evaluating a property’s infrastructure, this journey is for you.
Types of Septic Systems
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Conventional Septic System
A common type of septic system is the conventional septic system. This system begins with an underground septic tank that is watertight. These tanks are typically constructed using concrete or polythene, a durable plastic material.
The wastewater from your home flows into the septic tank, where solid particles settle at the bottom and fats, oils, and grease rise to the top. The remaining liquid waste, known as effluent, is then directed into a network of distribution pipes.
These pipes branch out and gradually release the wastewater into a drain field called the absorption area. Drain fields are composed of underground trenches or beds lined with gravel and strong fabric material. These layers and the natural bacteria work together to filter out contaminants, safeguarding the environment and ensuring the waste is properly treated and distributed back into the ground.
Since conventional septic systems are prevalent in single-family homes, they are relatively straightforward to repair when necessary.
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Chamber Systems
Chamber systems, similar to conventional septic systems, feature a slight variation that sets them apart. These systems incorporate spacious plastic pipes placed in an underground trench called leaching chambers. The wastewater flows from the septic tank into these chambers, where it undergoes treatment before being distributed into the soil for further absorption and filtration. This innovative design ensures effective wastewater management while adhering to environmentally friendly practices.
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Aerobic Treatment Units
Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs) are septic system variants that use similar processes to those found in municipal sewage plants but on a smaller scale. These systems introduce oxygen into the treatment tank, stimulating the activity of natural bacteria. This increased bacterial activity enhances the treatment of nutrients present in the effluent.
In some cases, ATUs may incorporate a pretreatment tank and a final treatment tank that includes disinfection, further reducing pathogen levels.
The advantages of utilising an ATU include its suitability for homes with smaller lots, unsuitable soil conditions, areas with high water tables, or properties near sensitive surface water bodies susceptible to nutrient contamination from wastewater effluent.
It is important to note that regular maintenance throughout the system’s lifespan should be anticipated for ATUs.
Mound System
There are various alternatives to traditional septic systems that rely on slopes for effluent transfer. If your house requires an alternative system, this option could be viable or may already be available on-site. Mound systems are commonly utilized when there is a high water table or insufficient soil depth for conventional effluent dispersal.
A mound system combines elements of a conventional pump system and a drip distribution system. It includes a septic tank and a pump tank that does the leaching field. However, the leaching field in a mound system is elevated, forming a mound structure instead of the usual network of piping or tubing.
At regular intervals, the pump tank releases effluent into the mound, ensuring proper distribution throughout the leaching pipes within the bank. Effluent is directed into the mound through pipes, which gradually release it. The mound is composed of soil, sand, and a gravel bed, which collectively filter the effluent, ensuring adequate treatment before it comes into contact with the natural environment.
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Drip Distribution System
The drip distribution system is a versatile and efficient method of dispersing effluent in drain fields. Unlike traditional systems that require a large soil mound, the drip laterals are inserted into the upper 6 to 12 inches (30.48 centimeters) of soil, eliminating the need for extensive excavation. However, this system does require a sizable dose tank to regulate the timed dosing of wastewater to the drip absorption area
Additionally, the system requires extra components like electrical power, resulting in increased expenses and maintenance. Nevertheless, the drip distribution system ensures uniform distribution of wastewater, prevents clogging, and promotes better treatment and filtration of effluent, making it particularly beneficial in areas with sensitive ecosystems or water conservation concerns.
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Sand Filter System
The sand filter system is a suitable alternative in regions with high water tables or limited soil depth, much like mound systems. It is particularly advantageous in areas with limited space for installing a traditional septic system. This system utilizes a sand filter to treat wastewater effectively. Through natural aeration and the action of beneficial microbes, biological oxidation takes place, resulting in the purification of the effluent.
This process ensures the removal of contaminants and promotes the environmentally responsible disposal of treated wastewater.
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Advanced Treatment Systems
Advanced Treatment Systems are innovative septic system technologies designed to achieve higher levels of wastewater treatment than conventional systems. These systems use advanced components such as sand filters, recirculating media filters, or constructed wetlands to enhance the removal of contaminants and improve treatment efficiency. They are commonly used in environmentally sensitive areas, properties with specific regulatory requirements, or where higher treatment standards are necessary.
Advanced Treatment Systems offer superior wastewater treatment capabilities, ensuring the protection of the environment and public health. These systems are important in addressing water quality concerns and are instrumental in achieving sustainable and efficient wastewater management.
Conclusion
Understanding the type of septic system you have is crucial for proper maintenance, functionality, and environmental safety. Whether you have a conventional chamber, drip distribution, or another type of septic system, knowing its design and requirements will help ensure its longevity and optimal performance. However, identifying and managing your septic system can be a complex task that requires expert knowledge and experience.
Don’t leave the health of your septic system to chance. Trust VI REEL Septic and Excavation, our reliable company offering comprehensive septic and excavation services for professional assessment, maintenance, and support. Contact us at 250-323-1010 today to secure the well-being of your septic system and safeguard your property from potential issues.